Tag: outcome measurement

  • Challenges in Designing and Implementing Research Studies (Part IX)

    Challenges in Designing and Implementing Research Studies (Part IX)

    Introduction Designing and implementing research studies in health can be fraught with challenges, particularly when investigating the relationship between variables and outcomes. Two critical concepts that often complicate this process are confounders and effect modifiers. Understanding these elements is essential for enhancing the validity of research findings and ensuring accurate interpretations. Confounders Confounders are variables…

  • Process of Health Research (Health Research Part III)

    Process of Health Research (Health Research Part III)

    The process of health research is a systematic and structured approach that aims to generate reliable and valid data, ultimately leading to informed decisions and actions that enhance health outcomes. This chapter outlines the essential steps in health research, emphasizing the importance of systematic data collection, meaningful analysis, decision-making, evidence-based actions, and the overarching goal…